
分析:AI将加速量子计算威胁,加密行业或进入持续安全军备竞赛时代

Odaily星球日报讯 多位区块链与后量子密码学研究人员警告称,人工智能(AI)正在加速量子计算发展进程,并可能提前冲击包括比特币和以太坊在内的主流区块链安全体系。
专注于抗量子基础设施的 Project Eleven CEO Alex Pruden 表示,AI 与量子计算的结合正彻底改变未来安全格局,“人们将无法再像过去那样依赖既有安全假设”。
研究人员指出,AI 已被用于优化量子纠错,而量子纠错正是量子计算发展中的关键技术瓶颈之一。Illia Polosukhin 也表示,AI 多年来一直在加速科研突破,未来甚至可能出现“AI 帮助构建下一代量子计算机”的循环加速效应。
当前行业最担忧的问题之一是“Harvest Now, Decrypt Later(先收集、后解密)”策略,即政府或高级攻击者现在便开始大规模收集加密数据,等待未来量子计算成熟后统一破解。Polosukhin 警告称,如果量子计算机在数年内成熟,“今天互联网上的大部分重要数据都可能在未来被解密”。
由于当前多数区块链网络与互联网基础设施广泛采用椭圆曲线密码学(ECC),理论上,一台足够强大的量子计算机可通过公钥反推出私钥,从而直接攻破钱包与链上系统。与此同时,AI 本身也正在强化黑客攻击能力。Pruden 表示,AI 模型已越来越擅长发现软件漏洞、密码学实现缺陷,甚至未来可能直接破解部分加密算法。
不过,AI 同时也被开发者用于代码审计、形式化验证与后量子安全系统测试,形成攻防两端同步升级的“长期安全军备竞赛”。研究人员认为,AI 与量子计算共同带来的最大变化在于:数字时代“加密长期可靠”的核心假设正在被动摇,未来安全体系或将从“静态升级”转向持续动态演进。(CoinDesk)
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